Back ground & Aim: Preservation of tooth vitality is one of the most important tasks for clinicians dealing with exposed teeth. Several different materials have been used for PULP CAPping in recent years with calcium hydroxide being of the most Due to pathologic complication in the PULP following the are of Ca(OH)2, this investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of MTA on PULP reaction following PULP CAPping procedure. Method & Material: Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) was used for direct PULP CAP ping of II human maxillary third molar teeth with intentional exposure as control group. The same number of teeth was CAPped using MTA using the same condition. Results: Results showed that the dentinal bridge was thicker in cases treated with MTA with a clearly milder inflammation in PULP of the teeth treated by MTA. Conclusion: MTA could be used as an acceptable material for PULP CAPping of exposed permanent teeth.

Introduction: It is difficult and sometimes impossible to predict the degree of damage and prognosis of tooth vitality after a carious dental PULP exposure. This predicament is exacerbated by the fact that clinical signs and symptoms do not correlate closely with the histopathological status of the PULP. As clinicians, we are keen to be conservative to maintain PULP vitality; however we must also remove all the infected tissue. Vital PULP therapy (VPT) aims to remove infected dentin, and bacteria, and at the same time to maintain PULP vitality by using a biocompatible material to seal off the PULP and restore the tooth’s strength and function. In the past, calcium hydroxide was used as a biocompatible PULP CAPping/PULPotomy agent. This has now been generally replaced with either MTA or Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement. These new biomaterials have good sealability and regenerative abilities, even superior to the traditional material used for VPT; for example, they can induce the production of greater and better quality reparative dentine. CEM cement has been clinically assessed for different VPT treatments such as direct PULP CAPping and PULPotomy treatments and therefore, its use for different VPT treatments is recommended.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Interleukin-1 beta (IL1b), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in diabetic rats after PULP CAPping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and a new endodontic Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement.Materials & Methods: To examine the effect of MTA or CEM, on diabetic dental PULP, animal model of Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats (intraperitoneal (IP) injection of STZ (65mg/kg) were used. Thirty four rats were divided into two diabetic and healthy groups. After exposing the PULP of the first maxillary molar, either MTA or CEM were used as PULP CAP agent, cavities were sealed with resin modified glass ionomer cement. After thirty days, the rats were sacrificed. Chi-square, Pearson and two-way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: There was no significant difference in the amount of IL-1b, TNF-α and MPO between healthy and diabetic rats in MTA group (P=0.827, P=0.948, P=0.365). In CEM group, no difference in the amount of IL-1b and TNF-a between healthy and diabetic rats was detected (P=0.652, P=0.932). But there was a significant difference in the amount of MPO between healthy and diabetic rats in the CEM group (P=0.033).Conclusion: There was no significant difference between diabetic and healthy rats in the amount of IL1b, TNF-a in both MTA and CEM groups while the amount of MPO showed a significant difference in rats treated with CEM.

Effect of magnesium on phases and chemical structures, unit cell parameters and biocompatibility of sol-gel derived calcium phosphates has been studied in this research. The ratio of (Ca+Mg)/P were kept constant at 1.67 and the Mg content ranged between 0 and 3% mol. The phase composition, chemical structure and morphological analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the XRD results, the presence of Mg led to the formation of Mg-doped tricalcium phosphate (b-TCMP) and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA). However, a small amount of MgHPO4.3H2O and MgO were formed at low and high magnesium content samples, respectively. The measured lattice parameters of apatite phase decreased in both a and c-axis with respect to the pure HA phase. Also the specific peaks of b-TCP phase shifted significantly to higher 2 theta in the Mg-doped sample. TEM experiments revealed distinct nanoparticles and aggregates composed of nanoparticles with a size ranging from 80-140 nm.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising method for cancer treatment. PDT is based on 3 factors including Photosensitizer (Ps), light with an appropriate wavelength and oxygen. Interaction between Ps and visible light can induce death of cancer cells. The purpose of this study is evaluating combined effect of Aminolevulenic acid (5-ALA) as Ps and homogenous beam of solid state laser (Nd-YAG with special wavelength and power to induce death of prostate cancer cells and to determine the type of death. In this assay, using 0.3 mM 5-ALA (precursor of Protoporphyrin IX=PpIX as Ps) for 5h incubating period in dark and homogenous beam of solid state laser (Nd-YAG with 532nm, 50mW was evaluated viability of LN-CAP cells by MTT assay was evaluated formation of PpIX in cells. In addition type of cell death induced were determined using by hocsht staining. 24h after treatment, significant reduction in number of cells in PDT groups compared to ALA group without laser and laser group without AL were seen. Administrations of ALA were caused increased production of chief Ps (PpIX) in cells. Using hocsht staining apoptotic cell death in ALA-PDT groups was indicated. PDT treatment of LN-CAP cells with 0.3 mM 5-ALA for 5h incubating period in dark and hemogenous beam of Nd-YAG laser with 532nm, 50mW for 3 min caused increase PpIX formation and induced considerable apoptotic cell death.

Background and Aim: Growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP-1) are related to nerve cells restorations. But the role of physical exercise on these two proteins in cerebellum has not been clarified yet. The purpose of present study was investigating the influence of six weeks endurance exercise training on gene expression of GAP-43 and CAP-1 in cerebellar tissue of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were selected and divided into two groups of including experimental (n=10) and control (n=10). Experimental group performed aerobic exercise, five days per week for six weeks with the speed of 11-18 m/min for 10-30 minutes. Control group did not have any exercise training program. Real time-PCR and 2-Δ Δ CT were used for biochemistry analysis. Statistical test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used for evaluating the data normality, and cosidering the violation of normal distribution, U Mann Whitney test was applied for comparing the groups. Results: Gene expression of GAP-43 (p=0. 002) and CAP-1 (p=0. 002) proteins increased significantly in the experimental compared to control group. Conclusion: Given the important role of GAP-43 and CAP-1 proteins in improving the nervous syetem, it seems that endurance exercise training can play a key role as a non-invasive method in increasing the gene expression of the proteins in cerebellum and so recovering and regeneration of cells and improving cerebelluar function.

In the present study, experimental investigations about the hydrodynamics of the conical CAP tray (ConCAP tray) have been carried out. The ConCAP tray is an innovative and novel type of CAP trays. The effect of the different weir height (2.5, 5 and 7 cm) on the weeping, entrainment and the total pressure drop for the ConCAP tray was measured, compared and correlated. The hydraulic experiments were carried out in an industrial scale simulator rig with an inner diameter of 1.2 m which has two test trays (ConCAP tray) and two chimney trays. It was found that the weir height affects only on the pressure drop. The recommended weir height for the ConCAP tray must be 2.5 cm because of observed spray flow regime on the tray and experimental results in different weir height which shows no effect on the weeping and entrainment rates. Moreover, the hydraulic behavior of the tray in the lower operating limits was also investigated.

Background: Indirect PULP CAP (IPC) is a treatment that preserves PULP vitality. This study aimed to investigate the success rate of indirect PULP CAP therapy as a conservative treatment for deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among the patients for whom IPC treatment was performed in 2015, 100 patients were randomly selected. Vital PULP tests (thermal, cold and electrical test) and pre-apical tests (percussion, tactility and chewing) were performed for the target tooth and control teeth. The tooth was examined radiographically and the signs of success or failure of treatment were examined, also. Results: Of the 100 patients who received IPC, 91 had signs of a successful treatment after 4 years, and only 9 had failed. In other words, the success rate of the treatment was 91% and the failure rate of treatment was 9%. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, IPC is an appropriate treatment for teeth with deep caries in both sexes and all ages, the type of the material used to seal the PULP and the restorative material used for dental restoration does not affect the success rate. But the most important factors are to apply the indirect PULP treatment carefully, avoiding bacterial contamination, and to seal the teeth with a hermetic restoration.

A 65-year-old woman with hypothyroidism and arterial hypertension was admitted with epigastric pain and hyperemesis. Five months before, she had the diagnosis of non-lithiasic acute pancreatitis without complications, and the hypothesized etiology was alcohol abuse. The current manifestations were initially related to an active gastric ulcer evidenced by the endoscopic study. Laboratory data were consistent with acute pancreatitis, and ultrasonography showed images of pancreatitis, in addition to the incidental detection of the hydropic gallbladder with a Phrygian CAP. These diagnoses were confirmed by the imaging study of computed tomography with contrast. Clinical significance of Phrygian CAP anomaly is herein emphasized because of diagnostic challenges, in addition to possible etiopathogenic role in cholecystitis, gallstones, and pancreatitis. The eventual association of the gallbladder anomaly with the Saint’ s triad is also commented. This scarcely reported triad includes hiatus hernia, diverticulosis, and lithiasic cholecystopathy.